Unity 技能编辑器与扁平数据缓存设计

本文介绍如何设计一个高性能的技能编辑器，使用扁平数据结构（FlatBuffers）缓存技能数据，实现快速加载和运行时高效访问。

一、设计概述

1.1 为什么使用扁平数据

数据结构 加载速度 内存占用 序列化 适用场景
类对象 慢 大（对象头） 简单 开发期
ScriptableObject 中 中 内置 Unity 配置
JSON 慢 大 简单 网络传输
FlatBuffers 快 小 需工具 大量数据
自定义二进制 最快 最小 自定义 追求性能

1.2 技能编辑器架构

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┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        技能编辑器架构                           │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                │
│   ┌─────────────┐      编辑      ┌──────────────┐            │
│   │ 可视化编辑   │ ───────────────>│  技能配置数据  │            │
│   │   界面      │               │ (Scriptable)  │            │
│   └─────────────┘                 └──────────────┘            │
│         │                                │                     │
│         │ 导出                          │ 序列化               │
│         ▼                                ▼                     │
│   ┌─────────────┐                 ┌──────────────┐            │
│   │ FlatBuffers  │ <───────────────│ 二进制数据    │            │
│   │  .bytes 文件  │     加载         │  (.bytes)    │            │
│   └─────────────┘                 └──────────────┘            │
│         │                                                     │
│         │ 运行时加载                                           │
│         ▼                                                     │
│   ┌─────────────┐      读取      ┌──────────────┐            │
│   │  技能系统    │ <──────────────│  缓存管理器  │            │
│   │             │                 │              │            │
│   └─────────────┘                 └──────────────┘            │
│                                                                │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

二、技能数据结构设计

2.1 技能配置类

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using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;

/// <summary>
/// 技能配置数据
/// </summary>
[CreateAssetMenu(fileName = "NewSkill", menuName = "Game/Skill Config")]
public class SkillConfig : ScriptableObject
{
    [Header("基础信息")]
    public int skillId;
    public string skillName = "新技能";
    public SkillType skillType = SkillType.Active;
    public Sprite icon;

    [Header("属性")]
    [Range(0, 100)]
    public int damage = 10;
    [Range(0, 500)]
    public float range = 5f;
    [Range(0, 60)]
    public float cooldown = 10f;

    [Header("效果")]
    public SkillEffect[] effects;
    public SkillCondition[] conditions;

    [Header("动画")]
    public string animationTrigger;
    public float animationDuration = 1f;

    [Header("编辑器信息")]
    [System.NonSerialized]
    public string editorColor = "#FFFFFF";
}

/// <summary>
/// 技能类型
/// </summary>
public enum SkillType
{
    Passive,    // 被动技能
    Active,     // 主动技能
    Channel,    // 引导技能
    Toggle      // 切换技能
}

/// <summary>
/// 技能效果
/// </summary>
[System.Serializable]
public class SkillEffect
{
    public EffectType type;
    public float value;
    public float duration;
    public string targetTag;
}

public enum EffectType
{
    Damage,         // 伤害
    Heal,           // 治疗
    Buff,           // 增益
    Debuff,         // 减益
    Knockback,      // 击退
    Stun            // 眩晕
}

/// <summary>
/// 技能释放条件
/// </summary>
[System.Serializable]
public class SkillCondition
{
    public ConditionType type;
    public float minValue;
    public float maxValue;
}

public enum ConditionType
{
    HealthGreaterThan,      // 生命值大于
    HealthLessThan,         // 生命值小于
    ManaGreaterThan,        // 魔法值大于
    TargetInRange,          // 目标在范围内
    CooldownReady           // 冷却就绪
}

2.2 扁平数据结构

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/// <summary>
/// 技能扁平数据 - 运行时使用的紧凑结构
/// </summary>
public struct SkillFlatData
{
    // 基础信息 (12 bytes)
    public int skillId;
    public short skillType;
    public short flags;      // 位标记：isChanneling, isToggle, etc.

    // 属性 (16 bytes)
    public short damage;
    public short range;
    public short cooldown;   // 以秒为单位 * 100
    public short animationId;

    // 效果数据偏移 (8 bytes)
    public int effectsOffset;   // 在 effects 数组中的偏移
    public short effectCount;
    public short padding;

    // 总大小: 36 bytes
}

/// <summary>
/// 技能效果扁平数据
/// </summary>
public struct SkillEffectFlatData
{
    public short effectType;
    public short value;      // 值 * 100
    public short duration;   // 以秒为单位 * 100
    public short targetTagId;

    // 总大小: 8 bytes
}

/// <summary>
/// 技能数据库 - 存储所有扁平数据
/// </summary>
public class SkillDatabase
{
    private SkillFlatData[] skills;
    private SkillEffectFlatData[] effects;
    private Dictionary<int, int> skillIdToIndex;

    public SkillDatabase(byte[] flatData)
    {
        LoadFromFlatBuffer(flatData);
    }

    public ref SkillFlatData GetSkill(int skillId)
    {
        if (skillIdToIndex.TryGetValue(skillId, out int index))
        {
            return ref skills[index];
        }
        throw new System.KeyNotFoundException($"Skill {skillId} not found");
    }

    public Span<SkillEffectFlatData> GetEffects(SkillFlatData skill)
    {
        return effects.AsSpan(skill.effectsOffset, skill.effectCount);
    }

    private void LoadFromFlatBuffer(byte[] data)
    {
        // 解析扁平数据
        // 实际实现根据序列化格式而定
    }
}

三、编辑器实现

3.1 技能编辑器窗口

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using UnityEngine;
using UnityEditor;
using System.Linq;

[CustomEditor(typeof(SkillConfig))]
public class SkillConfigEditor : Editor
{
    private SkillConfig skill;
    private SerializedObject serializedSkill;
    private SerializedProperty effectsProperty;
    private SerializedProperty conditionsProperty;

    private GUIStyle headerStyle;
    private GUIStyle boxStyle;

    void OnEnable()
    {
        skill = (SkillConfig)target;
        serializedSkill = new SerializedObject(target);
        effectsProperty = serializedSkill.FindProperty("effects");
        conditionsProperty = serializedSkill.FindProperty("conditions");

        // 初始化样式
        InitStyles();
    }

    private void InitStyles()
    {
        headerStyle = new GUIStyle(EditorStyles.boldLabel)
        {
            fontSize = 14,
            fontStyle = FontStyle.Bold
        };

        boxStyle = new GUIStyle(EditorStyles.helpBox)
        {
            padding = new RectOffset(10, 10, 10, 10)
        };
    }

    public override void OnInspectorGUI()
    {
        serializedSkill.Update();

        // 绘制头部信息
        DrawHeader();

        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 基础信息
        DrawBasicInfo();

        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 属性设置
        DrawProperties();

        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 效果列表
        DrawEffects();

        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 条件列表
        DrawConditions();

        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 预览
        DrawPreview();

        serializedSkill.ApplyModifiedProperties();
    }

    private void DrawHeader()
    {
        // 技能图标和名称
        EditorGUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        EditorGUILayout.ObjectField(skill.icon, typeof(Sprite), false, GUILayout.Width(64));
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical();
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField($"ID: {skill.skillId}", EditorStyles.boldLabel);
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField(skill.skillName, EditorStyles.largeLabel);
        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
        EditorGUILayout.EndHorizontal();
    }

    private void DrawBasicInfo()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField("基础信息", headerStyle);
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical(boxStyle);
        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(serializedSkill.FindProperty("skillId"));
        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(serializedSkill.FindProperty("skillName"));
        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(serializedSkill.FindProperty("skillType"));
        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(serializedSkill.FindProperty("icon"));
        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
    }

    private void DrawProperties()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField("属性设置", headerStyle);
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical(boxStyle);

        var damageProp = serializedSkill.FindProperty("damage");
        var rangeProp = serializedSkill.FindProperty("range");
        var cooldownProp = serializedSkill.FindProperty("cooldown");

        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(damageProp);
        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(rangeProp);
        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(cooldownProp);

        // 计算战斗力
        int combatPower = skill.damage * 2 + (int)(skill.range * 5);
        EditorGUILayout.HelpBox($"战斗力指数: {combatPower}", MessageType.Info);

        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
    }

    private void DrawEffects()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField("技能效果", headerStyle);
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical(boxStyle);

        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(effectsProperty, true);

        if (effectsProperty.arraySize > 0)
        {
            EditorGUILayout.Space();
            if (GUILayout.Button("清空所有效果"))
            {
                effectsProperty.ClearArray();
            }
        }

        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
    }

    private void DrawConditions()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField("释放条件", headerStyle);
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical(boxStyle);
        EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(conditionsProperty, true);
        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
    }

    private void DrawPreview()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField("预览", headerStyle);
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical(boxStyle);

        // 绘制技能范围预览
        DrawRangePreview();

        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
    }

    private void DrawRangePreview()
    {
        Rect rect = EditorGUILayout.GetControlRect(false, 200);
        GUI.Box(rect, "范围预览");

        // 绘制范围圆
        Vector2 center = new Vector2(rect.x + rect.width / 2, rect.y + rect.height / 2);
        float maxRadius = Mathf.Min(rect.width, rect.height) / 2 - 10;
        float displayRadius = (skill.range / 10f) * maxRadius;

        Handles.BeginGUI();
        Handles.color = new Color(0, 1, 0, 0.5f);
        Handles.DrawWireDisc(center, Vector3.forward, displayRadius);
        Handles.color = new Color(1, 0, 0, 0.3f);
        Handles.DrawSolidDisc(center, Vector3.forward, displayRadius * 0.3f);
        Handles.EndGUI();

        // 显示范围文本
        GUI.Label(new Rect(center.x - 50, center.y - 10, 100, 20),
            $"范围: {skill.range}m", EditorStyles.centeredGreyMiniLabel);
    }
}

3.2 技能管理器窗口

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using UnityEngine;
using UnityEditor;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;

public class SkillManagerWindow : EditorWindow
{
    private Vector2 scrollPosition;
    private SkillConfig selectedSkill;
    private string searchFilter = "";

    [MenuItem("Tools/Skill Manager")]
    public static void ShowWindow()
    {
        var window = GetWindow<SkillManagerWindow>();
        window.titleContent = new GUIContent("技能管理器");
        window.Show();
    }

    void OnGUI()
    {
        // 工具栏
        DrawToolbar();

        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 分栏布局
        EditorGUILayout.BeginHorizontal();

        // 左侧：技能列表
        DrawSkillList();

        // 右侧：技能详情
        if (selectedSkill != null)
        {
            DrawSkillDetail();
        }

        EditorGUILayout.EndHorizontal();
    }

    private void DrawToolbar()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.BeginHorizontal(EditorStyles.toolbar);

        // 搜索框
        searchFilter = EditorGUILayout.TextField("搜索: ", searchFilter, EditorStyles.toolbarSearchField);

        GUILayout.FlexibleSpace();

        // 创建新技能按钮
        if (GUILayout.Button("创建技能", EditorStyles.toolbarButton, GUILayout.Width(80)))
        {
            CreateNewSkill();
        }

        // 刷新按钮
        if (GUILayout.Button("刷新", EditorStyles.toolbarButton, GUILayout.Width(60)))
        {
            AssetDatabase.Refresh();
        }

        // 导出所有按钮
        if (GUILayout.Button("导出 Flat", EditorStyles.toolbarButton, GUILayout.Width(80)))
        {
            ExportAllToFlatBuffer();
        }

        EditorGUILayout.EndHorizontal();
    }

    private void DrawSkillList()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical(GUILayout.Width(250));

        EditorGUILayout.LabelField("技能列表", EditorStyles.boldLabel);
        scrollPosition = EditorGUILayout.BeginScrollView(scrollPosition);

        // 查找所有技能配置
        var skills = AssetDatabase.FindAssets("t:SkillConfig")
            .Select(AssetDatabase.GUIDToAssetPath)
            .Select(AssetDatabase.LoadAssetAtPath<SkillConfig>)
            .Where(s => s != null)
            .ToList();

        foreach (var skill in skills)
        {
            // 搜索过滤
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(searchFilter))
            {
                if (!skill.skillName.ToLower().Contains(searchFilter.ToLower()) &&
                    !skill.skillId.ToString().Contains(searchFilter))
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            // 绘制技能项
            bool isSelected = selectedSkill == skill;
            if (DrawSkillListItem(skill, isSelected))
            {
                selectedSkill = skill;
            }
        }

        EditorGUILayout.EndScrollView();
        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
    }

    private bool DrawSkillListItem(SkillConfig skill, bool isSelected)
    {
        EditorGUILayout.BeginHorizontal(isSelected ? EditorStyles.toolbarButton : GUIStyle.none);

        // 技能图标
        if (skill.icon != null)
        {
            Texture iconTexture = skill.icon.texture;
            if (iconTexture != null)
            {
                GUILayout.Label(iconTexture, GUILayout.Width(32), GUILayout.Height(32));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            GUILayout.Box(GUIContent.none, GUILayout.Width(32), GUILayout.Height(32));
        }

        // 技能名称和ID
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical();
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField(skill.skillName, EditorStyles.boldLabel);
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField($"ID: {skill.skillId}", EditorStyles.miniLabel);
        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();

        EditorGUILayout.EndHorizontal();

        return GUILayout.Button("", GUIStyle.none, GUILayout.Height(1));
    }

    private void DrawSkillDetail()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.BeginVertical();

        // 技能标题
        EditorGUILayout.LabelField(selectedSkill.skillName, EditorStyles.largeLabel);
        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 使用自定义编辑器
        Editor editor = Editor.CreateEditor(selectedSkill);
        editor.OnInspectorGUI();
        Object.DestroyImmediate(editor);

        EditorGUILayout.Space();

        // 操作按钮
        DrawSkillActions();

        EditorGUILayout.EndVertical();
    }

    private void DrawSkillActions()
    {
        EditorGUILayout.BeginHorizontal();

        if (GUILayout.Button("保存"))
        {
            EditorUtility.SetDirty(selectedSkill);
            AssetDatabase.SaveAssets();
        }

        if (GUILayout.Button("导出 Flat"))
        {
            ExportToFlatBuffer(selectedSkill);
        }

        if (GUILayout.Button("删除"))
        {
            if (EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("确认", "确定要删除这个技能吗？", "确定", "取消"))
            {
                string path = AssetDatabase.GetAssetPath(selectedSkill);
                AssetDatabase.DeleteAsset(path);
                selectedSkill = null;
            }
        }

        EditorGUILayout.EndHorizontal();
    }

    private void CreateNewSkill()
    {
        string path = EditorUtility.SaveFilePanelInProject(
            "创建新技能",
            "Assets/Resources/Skills",
            "asset",
            "请选择保存位置"
        );

        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
        {
            // 确保 .asset 扩展名
            if (!path.EndsWith(".asset"))
            {
                path += ".asset";
            }

            SkillConfig newSkill = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<SkillConfig>();
            newSkill.skillId = Random.Range(1000, 9999);
            newSkill.skillName = "新技能";

            AssetDatabase.CreateAsset(newSkill, path);
            AssetDatabase.SaveAssets();
            AssetDatabase.Refresh();

            selectedSkill = newSkill;
        }
    }
}

四、FlatBuffers 序列化

4.1 定义 FlatBuffers Schema

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// Skill.fbs

namespace Game;

enum SkillType : byte {
    Passive = 0,
    Active = 1,
    Channel = 2,
    Toggle = 3
}

enum EffectType : byte {
    Damage = 0,
    Heal = 1,
    Buff = 2,
    Debuff = 3,
    Knockback = 4,
    Stun = 5
}

table SkillEffect {
    effectType: EffectType;
    value: float;
    duration: float;
    targetTag: string;
}

table SkillCondition {
    conditionType: string;
    minValue: float;
    maxValue: float;
}

table Skill {
    id: int;
    name: string;
    type: SkillType;
    damage: int;
    range: float;
    cooldown: float;
    effects: [SkillEffect];
    conditions: [SkillCondition];
    animationTrigger: string;
    animationDuration: float;
}

root_type Skill;

4.2 序列化/反序列化

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using FlatBuffers;
using Game;

public static class SkillFlatBuffersSerializer
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 将 SkillConfig 序列化为 FlatBuffers 字节数组
    /// </summary>
    public static byte[] Serialize(SkillConfig skill)
    {
        FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);

        // 序列化效果列表
        VectorOffset effectsOffset = default;
        if (skill.effects != null && skill.effects.Length > 0)
        {
            var effectOffsets = new Offset<SkillEffect>[skill.effects.Length];
            for (int i = skill.effects.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                var effect = skill.effects[i];
                var targetTagOffset = builder.CreateString(effect.targetTag ?? "");

                SkillEffect.StartSkillEffect(builder);
                SkillEffect.AddEffectType((EffectType)effect.type);
                SkillEffect.AddValue(effect.value);
                SkillEffect.AddDuration(effect.duration);
                SkillEffect.AddTargetTag(targetTagOffset);
                effectOffsets[i] = SkillEffect.EndSkillEffect(builder);
            }

            var effectsVectorOffset = builder.CreateVectorOfTables(effectOffsets);
            Skill.StartEffectsVector(builder, skill.effects.Length);
            effectsOffset = builder.EndVector();
        }

        // 序列化条件列表
        VectorOffset conditionsOffset = default;
        if (skill.conditions != null && skill.conditions.Length > 0)
        {
            var conditionOffsets = new Offset<SkillCondition>[skill.conditions.Length];
            for (int i = skill.conditions.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                var condition = skill.conditions[i];
                var typeOffset = builder.CreateString(condition.type.ToString());

                SkillConditionStart(builder);
                SkillConditionAddConditionType(typeOffset);
                SkillConditionAddMinValue(condition.minValue);
                SkillConditionAddMaxValue(condition.maxValue);
                conditionOffsets[i] = SkillConditionEnd(builder);
            }

            conditionsOffset = builder.CreateVectorOfTables(conditionOffsets);
        }

        // 序列化技能基本信息
        var nameOffset = builder.CreateString(skill.skillName);
        var animTriggerOffset = builder.CreateString(skill.animationTrigger ?? "");

        SkillStart(builder);
        SkillAddId(builder, skill.skillId);
        SkillAddName(builder, nameOffset);
        SkillAddType(builder, (SkillType)skill.skillType);
        SkillAddDamage(builder, skill.damage);
        SkillAddRange(builder, skill.range);
        SkillAddCooldown(builder, skill.cooldown);
        SkillAddAnimationTrigger(builder, animTriggerOffset);
        SkillAddAnimationDuration(builder, skill.animationDuration);

        if (effectsOffset.Value != 0)
        {
            SkillAddEffects(builder, effectsOffset.Value);
        }

        if (conditionsOffset.Value != 0)
        {
            SkillAddConditions(builder, conditionsOffset.Value);
        }

        var skillOffset = SkillEnd(builder);
        builder.Finish(skillOffset.Value);

        return builder.SizedByteArray();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 从 FlatBuffers 字节数组反序列化为 SkillConfig
    /// </summary>
    public static SkillConfig Deserialize(byte[] data)
    {
        var buf = new ByteBuffer(data);
        var skill = Skill.GetRootAsSkill(buf);

        var config = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<SkillConfig>();
        config.skillId = skill.Id;
        config.skillName = skill.Name;
        config.skillType = (SkillType)skill.Type;
        config.damage = skill.Damage;
        config.range = skill.Range;
        config.cooldown = skill.Cooldown;
        config.animationTrigger = skill.AnimationTrigger;
        config.animationDuration = skill.AnimationDuration;

        // 反序列化效果
        if (skill.EffectsLength > 0)
        {
            config.effects = new SkillEffect[skill.EffectsLength];
            for (int i = 0; i < skill.EffectsLength; i++)
            {
                var effectData = skill.Effects(i).Value;
                config.effects[i] = new SkillEffect
                {
                    type = (EffectType)effectData.EffectType,
                    value = effectData.Value,
                    duration = effectData.Duration,
                    targetTag = effectData.TargetTag
                };
            }
        }

        // 反序列化条件
        if (skill.ConditionsLength > 0)
        {
            config.conditions = new SkillCondition[skill.ConditionsLength];
            for (int i = 0; i < skill.ConditionsLength; i++)
            {
                var conditionData = skill.Conditions(i).Value;
                config.conditions[i] = new SkillCondition
                {
                    type = (ConditionType)System.Enum.Parse(typeof(ConditionType), conditionData.ConditionType),
                    minValue = conditionData.MinValue,
                    maxValue = conditionData.MaxValue
                };
            }
        }

        return config;
    }
}

4.3 导出功能

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public partial class SkillManagerWindow
{
    private void ExportToFlatBuffer(SkillConfig skill)
    {
        if (skill == null) return;

        byte[] data = SkillFlatBuffersSerializer.Serialize(skill);

        // 保存到文件
        string path = EditorUtility.SaveFilePanel(
            "导出技能数据",
            Application.dataPath,
            "bytes"
        );

        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
        {
            File.WriteAllBytes(path, data);
            Debug.Log($"技能已导出到: {path}");
        }
    }

    private void ExportAllToFlatBuffer()
    {
        // 查找所有技能
        var skills = AssetDatabase.FindAssets("t:SkillConfig")
            .Select(AssetDatabase.GUIDToAssetPath)
            .Select(AssetDatabase.LoadAssetAtPath<SkillConfig>)
            .Where(s => s != null)
            .OrderBy(s => s.skillId)
            .ToArray();

        if (skills.Length == 0)
        {
            EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("提示", "没有找到技能配置", "确定");
            return;
        }

        // 构建包含所有技能的 FlatBuffer
        FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(4096);

        var skillOffsets = new Offset<Game.Skill>[skills.Length];
        for (int i = skills.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            var skillData = ConvertToFlatBufferSkill(builder, skills[i]);
            skillOffsets[i] = skillData.Offset;
        }

        var skillsVector = builder.CreateVectorOfTables(skillOffsets);

        // 创建技能集
        var skillSetName = builder.CreateString("AllSkills");
        SkillSetStart(builder);
        SkillSetAddName(builder, skillSetName);
        SkillSetAddSkills(builder, skillsVector);
        var skillSetOffset = SkillSetEnd(builder);

        builder.Finish(skillSetOffset.Value);

        // 保存文件
        string path = EditorUtility.SaveFilePanelInProject(
            "导出技能数据",
            "Assets/Resources",
            "bytes",
            "请选择保存位置"
        );

        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
        {
            if (!path.EndsWith(".bytes"))
            {
                path += ".bytes";
            }

            File.WriteAllBytes(path, builder.SizedByteArray());
            AssetDatabase.Refresh();
            Debug.Log($"已导出 {skills.Length} 个技能到: {path}");
        }
    }

    private Game.Skill ConvertToFlatBufferSkill(FlatBufferBuilder builder, SkillConfig config)
    {
        // 转换逻辑（与序列化部分类似）
        // 这里省略详细实现
        return default;
    }
}

五、运行时加载

5.1 技能缓存管理器

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using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;

/// <summary>
/// 技能缓存管理器 - 单例
/// </summary>
public class SkillCacheManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    private static SkillCacheManager instance;
    public static SkillCacheManager Instance => instance;

    // 技能数据库
    private SkillDatabase skillDatabase;

    // 运行时缓存
    private Dictionary<int, SkillRuntimeData> skillCache = new Dictionary<int, SkillRuntimeData>();

    [Header("加载设置")]
    public string skillDataPath = "Skills/skills.bytes";
    public bool loadOnAwake = true;

    void Awake()
    {
        if (instance == null)
        {
            instance = this;
            DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
        }
        else
        {
            Destroy(gameObject);
        }
    }

    void Start()
    {
        if (loadOnAwake)
        {
            LoadAllSkills();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 加载所有技能数据
    /// </summary>
    public void LoadAllSkills()
    {
        TextAsset asset = Resources.Load<TextAsset>(skillDataPath.Replace(".bytes", ""));
        if (asset == null)
        {
            Debug.LogError($"技能数据文件未找到: {skillDataPath}");
            return;
        }

        byte[] data = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(asset.text);
        skillDatabase = new SkillDatabase(data);

        Debug.Log($"已加载 {skillDatabase.Count} 个技能");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取技能运行时数据
    /// </summary>
    public SkillRuntimeData GetSkill(int skillId)
    {
        // 检查缓存
        if (skillCache.TryGetValue(skillId, out SkillRuntimeData data))
        {
            return data;
        }

        // 从数据库加载
        if (skillDatabase != null)
        {
            ref var flatData = ref skillDatabase.GetSkill(skillId);

            // 创建运行时数据
            data = new SkillRuntimeData(flatData, skillDatabase);
            skillCache[skillId] = data;

            return data;
        }

        Debug.LogWarning($"技能 {skillId} 未找到");
        return null;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 预加载技能
    /// </summary>
    public void PreloadSkills(int[] skillIds)
    {
        foreach (int id in skillIds)
        {
            GetSkill(id);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 清除缓存
    /// </summary>
    public void ClearCache()
    {
        skillCache.Clear();
        System.GC.Collect();
    }
}

5.2 技能运行时数据

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/// <summary>
/// 技能运行时数据
/// </summary>
public class SkillRuntimeData
{
    public int SkillId { get; private set; }
    public SkillType SkillType { get; private set; }
    public int Damage { get; private set; }
    public float Range { get; private set; }
    public float Cooldown { get; private set; }
    public float AnimationDuration { get; private set; }

    private SkillEffectRuntimeData[] effects;

    public SkillRuntimeData(SkillFlatData flatData, SkillDatabase database)
    {
        SkillId = flatData.skillId;
        SkillType = (SkillType)flatData.skillType;
        Damage = flatData.damage;
        Range = flatData.range / 100f;
        Cooldown = flatData.cooldown / 100f;
        AnimationDuration = flatData.animationDuration / 100f;

        // 加载效果数据
        var effectsSpan = database.GetEffects(flatData);
        effects = new SkillEffectRuntimeData[flatData.effectCount];
        for (int i = 0; i < effects.Length; i++)
        {
            effects[i] = new SkillEffectRuntimeData(effectsSpan[i]);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取所有效果
    /// </summary>
    public ReadOnlySpan<SkillEffectRuntimeData> GetEffects()
    {
        return effects;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// 技能效果运行时数据
/// </summary>
public struct SkillEffectRuntimeData
{
    public EffectType Type { get; private set; }
    public float Value { get; private set; }
    public float Duration { get; private set; }
    public string TargetTag { get; private set; }

    public SkillEffectRuntimeData(SkillEffectFlatData flatData)
    {
        Type = (EffectType)flatData.effectType;
        Value = flatData.value / 100f;
        Duration = flatData.duration / 100f;
        TargetTag = GetTagString(flatData.targetTagId);
    }

    private string GetTagString(int tagId)
    {
        // 从标签表获取
        return "Enemy";
    }
}

六、性能对比

6.1 加载性能测试

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using UnityEngine;
using UnityEditor;
using System.Diagnostics;

public class SkillPerformanceTest
{
    [MenuItem("Tools/Test Skill Loading Performance")]
    public static void TestLoadingPerformance()
    {
        const int skillCount = 1000;

        // 测试 ScriptableObject 加载
        var sw1 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        var scriptableSkills = new SkillConfig[skillCount];
        for (int i = 0; i < skillCount; i++)
        {
            scriptableSkills[i] = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<SkillConfig>();
            // 模拟加载...
        }
        sw1.Stop();

        // 测试 FlatBuffers 加载
        var sw2 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        // 模拟加载 FlatBuffer 数据...
        sw2.Stop();

        UnityEngine.Debug.Log($"ScriptableObject 加载 {skillCount} 个技能: {sw1.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log($"FlatBuffers 加载 {skillCount} 个技能: {sw2.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log($"性能提升: {(float)sw1.ElapsedMilliseconds / sw2.ElapsedMilliseconds:F2}x");
    }
}

6.2 内存占用对比

数据类型 1000个技能 单个技能平均
ScriptableObject ~50MB ~50KB
FlatBuffers ~5MB ~5KB
自定义二进制 ~2MB ~2KB

七、总结

本文介绍了技能编辑器与扁平数据缓存的核心要点：

主题 要点
数据结构 扁平数据比对象数据更紧凑
FlatBuffers 高效的二进制序列化格式
编辑器 ScriptableObject + CustomEditor
缓存管理 单例管理器 + 运行时缓存
性能优化 减少序列化开销和内存占用
数据导出 编辑器 → FlatBuffers → 运行时

💡 开发建议：

  • 编辑期使用 ScriptableObject 便于调试
  • 运行时使用 FlatBuffers 提升性能
  • 实现增量更新，只加载必要数据
  • 考虑异步加载大量技能数据
  • 使用对象池管理技能实例

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